Evidence library

Read the sources behind the treatment model.

Primary professional guidelines, FDA records, and selected longer-term clinical studies. A source’s inclusion does not mean every claim from that source is adopted without qualification.

Evidence reviewed August 14, 2026Clinical review pending; evidence sources are shown
professional guideline

American Urological Association

Management of Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms Attributed to Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia: AUA Guideline (2026)

Published May 7, 2026 · Last checked August 14, 2026

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prospective trial follow-up

BJUI Compass

WATER versus WATER II 5-year update: Aquablation in 30–80 and 80–150 mL prostates

Published September 9, 2024 · Last checked August 14, 2026

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randomized trial follow-up

Canadian Journal of Urology

Five year results of the prospective randomized controlled prostatic urethral L.I.F.T. study

Published June 1, 2017 · Last checked August 14, 2026

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prospective cohort follow-up

Canadian Urological Association Journal

Long-term outcomes after treatment with Optilume BPH: Four-year results from EVEREST

Published November 1, 2024 · Last checked August 14, 2026

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professional guideline

European Association of Urology

Diagnostic Evaluation — Management of Non-neurogenic Male LUTS

Published March 1, 2026 · Last checked August 14, 2026

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professional guideline

European Association of Urology

Disease Management — Management of Non-neurogenic Male LUTS

Published March 1, 2026 · Last checked August 14, 2026

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randomized trial follow-up

European Urology Focus

Prostatic artery embolisation versus TURP: 5-year outcomes of a randomised trial

Published September 1, 2024 · Last checked August 14, 2026

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professional guideline

The Journal of Urology

AUA Guideline (2026) Part I: Presentation and Evaluation

Published May 7, 2026 · Last checked August 14, 2026

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professional guideline

The Journal of Urology

AUA Guideline (2026) Part II: Medical Management

Published May 7, 2026 · Last checked August 14, 2026

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professional guideline

The Journal of Urology

AUA Guideline (2026) Part III: Procedural/Surgical Management

Published May 7, 2026 · Last checked August 14, 2026

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randomized trial follow-up

The Journal of Urology

Final 5-Year Outcomes of the Multicenter Randomized Sham-Controlled Trial of Water Vapor Thermal Therapy

Published September 1, 2021 · Last checked August 14, 2026

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regulatory record

U.S. Food and Drug Administration

AQUABEAM Robotic System — 510(k) K231024

Published August 30, 2023 · Last checked August 14, 2026

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regulatory record

U.S. Food and Drug Administration

iTind System — 510(k) K210138

Published June 25, 2021 · Last checked August 14, 2026

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regulatory record

U.S. Food and Drug Administration

Optilume BPH Catheter System — PMA P220029

Published June 30, 2023 · Last checked August 14, 2026

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regulatory record

U.S. Food and Drug Administration

ProVee System for BPH — PMA P250011

Published December 9, 2025 · Last checked August 14, 2026

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regulatory record

U.S. Food and Drug Administration

Rezum System — 510(k) K250584

Published June 11, 2025 · Last checked August 14, 2026

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regulatory record

U.S. Food and Drug Administration

UroLift Advanced Tissue Control System — 510(k) K200441

Published June 5, 2020 · Last checked August 14, 2026

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regulatory record

U.S. Food and Drug Administration

Zenflow Spring Implant and Delivery System — PMA P250007

Published December 11, 2025 · Last checked August 14, 2026

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randomized trial

Urology

The iTind Temporarily Implanted Nitinol Device: A Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial

Published July 1, 2021 · Last checked August 14, 2026

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